Theory Overview

The core idea of Zhang Xiangqian's unified field theory: only matter and space exist in the universe, and the four fundamental forces are different components of space's helical motion.

Fundamental Law of the Universe

The starting point of Zhang Xiangqian's unified field theory is remarkably simple: only two things exist in the universe — matter and space, nothing else. All physical phenomena are the result of matter moving through space and space itself moving.

The key breakthrough is: space is not a static background — space itself can move. The motion of space is what we call “fields” — electric fields, magnetic fields, gravitational fields, and nuclear force fields are all manifestations of space moving in different ways.

Helical Motion Unifies the Four Forces

Zhang Xiangqian proposes that space around matter moves in a helical pattern. This helical motion can be decomposed into three components:

An intuitive analogy: imagine a spring being stretched out. Motion along the spring's axis is the electric field, rotation around the axis is the magnetic field, and centripetal force pointing toward the axis is the gravitational field. The four forces are not independent entities, but different facets of the same motion.

Guoke Momentum Formula

One of the core formulas of the unified field theory is the Guoke momentum formula:

Note that C and v in the formula are both vectors, not simple scalar subtraction. The direction of vector speed of light $\vec{C}$ can change, but its magnitude (scalar speed of light c) remains constant — this is Zhang Xiangqian's unique interpretation of the principle of the constancy of the speed of light.

This formula shows: when an object is at rest ($\vec{v}=0$), its Guoke momentum is $m\vec{C}$, entirely manifested as mass (spatial displacement). As the object's speed approaches the speed of light ($|\vec{v}| \to c$), the Guoke momentum approaches zero and mass disappears. This has a profound inner connection with Einstein's mass-energy equation $E=mc^2$.

Four-Force Unification Equation

Building on the helical motion model, Zhang derived the unified field equation, incorporating all four fundamental forces into one framework. The core logic is:

1. Space diverges outward from matter at the speed of light
2. This divergent motion takes a helical form
3. Different components of the helical motion produce different forces
4. These components can transform into each other — this is why changing electromagnetic fields can generate gravitational fields

Relationship with Mainstream Physics

Zhang's theory does not seek to overthrow existing physics, but attempts to unify them at a higher level:

• Backward compatible with Newtonian mechanics: when v is much less than C, the unified field theory reduces to Newtonian results
• Naturally derives the mass-velocity relation: Einstein's mass-velocity formula can be derived from the Guoke momentum formula
• Encompasses electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is a special case of the unified field equation
• Explains quantum phenomena: provides space-motion-based explanations for double-slit interference and quantum entanglement